แมวเหมียว กิ้วกิ้ว โดย gradea1009 ( ควิซทดสอบ )

1 access time

The time between the presentation of a set of inputs to a software system and the appearance of
all the associated outputs.

The interval between when data are requested from the memory cell and when they are actually
vailable.

An object or a set of objects that can no longer be accessed, typically because all pointers that direct accesses to the object or set have been eliminated.

2 algorithm

A systematic and precise, step-by-step procedure for solving a certain kind of problem or
accomplishing a task, for instance, converting a particular kind of input data

A predefined subprogram that is executed when an interrupt occurs. The handler can perform
input or output, save data, update pointers, or notify other processes of the event.

An object or a set of objects that can no longer be accessed, typically because all pointers that direct accesses to the object or set have been eliminated.

3 argument

Any occurrence that results in a change in the state of a system.

Any variables that is within the scope of all modules of the software system.

An address or value that is passed to a procedure or function call, as a way of communicating
cleanly across procedure/function boundaries.

4 assemblers

Software that translates assembly language to machine code.

Any occurrence that results in a change in the state of a system.

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it
powers on.

5 Background

Error or other special condition that arises during program execution

Noninterrupt-driven processes in foreground/background systems.

Any occurrence that results in a change in the state of a system.

6 black-box testing

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it
powers on.

When the next states and outputs of the system are known for each set of inputs that trigger
events.

A testing methodology where only the inputs and outputs of the unit are considered. How the
outputs are generated inside the unit is ignored.

7 buffer

A temporary data storage area used to interface between, for example, a fast device and a slower process servicing that device.

In the task-control block model, a state that is best described as a TCB belonging to a task that is
unavailable to the operating system.

A software run-time system component that periodically scans dynamically allocated storage
and reclaims allocated storage that is no longer in use.

8 compiler

A technique using two buffers where one is filled while the data in the other is being used.

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it
powers on.

A program that translates a high-level language program into an executable machine instruction
program or other lower-level form such as assembly language.

9 context

The minimum information that is needed in order to save a currently executing task so that it can be resumed.

A computer program that can take an executable image and convert it back into assembly code.

A technique using two buffers where one is filled while the data in the other is being used.

10 critical region

A computer program that can take an executable image and convert it back into assembly code.

The condition experienced by tasks that are waiting for the occurrence of an event.

Code that interacts with a serially reusable resource.

11 deadlock

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it
powers on.

A catastrophic situation that can arise when tasks are competing for the same set of two or more
serially reusable resources.

The condition experienced by tasks that are waiting for the occurrence of an event.

12 debugger

A program that allows interactive analysis of a running program, by allowing the user to pause
execution of the running program and examine its variables and path of execution at any point.

The time between the presentation of a set of inputs to a software system and the appearance of
all the associated outputs.

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it powers on.

13 default

A system where for each possible state, and each set of inputs, a unique set of outputs and next state of the system can be determined.

The part of the kernel that performs the necessary bookkeeping to start a task.

The value or status that is assumed unless otherwise specified.

14 direct memory access (DMA)

A scheme in which access to the computer’s memory is afforded to other devices in the system without the intervention of the CPU.

The part of the kernel that performs the necessary bookkeeping to start a task.

Memory in which the contents will be lost if power is removed.

15 dispatcher

An area of memory containing information about the context of an executing program.
Although the process control block is primarily a software mechanism used by the operating system

An intertask communication device consisting of a memory location and two operations – post and pend – that can be performed on it.

The part of the kernel that performs the necessary bookkeeping to start a task.

16 double buffering

A technique using two buffers where one is filled while the data in the other is being used.

A device used to route multiple lines onto fewer lines.

An intertask communication device consisting of a memory location and two operations – post and pend – that can be performed on it.

17 embedded system

A computing machine contained in a device whose purpose is not to be a computer. For example, the computers in automobiles and household appliances are embedded computers

A system in which each executable task is assigned a fixed time quantum called a time slice . A clock is used to initiate an interrupt at a rate corresponding to the time slice.

An area of memory containing information about the context of an executing program.
Although the process control block is primarily a software mechanism

18 exception

A collection of data associated with a task including context, process code (or a pointer to it), and other information.

A system in which each executable task is assigned a fixed time quantum called a time slice A clock is used to initiate an interrupt at a rate corresponding to the time slice.

Error or other special condition that arises during program execution.

19 foreground

A collection of interrupt driven or real-time processes.

A collection of data associated with a task including context, process code (or a pointer to it), and other information.

A condition that occurs when a task is not being serviced frequently enough.

20 global variable

Any variables that is within the scope of all modules of the software system.

the task-control block model, the state of those tasks that are ready to run, but are not running.

A condition that occurs when a task is not being serviced frequently enough.

21 interrupt

An area of memory containing information about the context of an executing program.
Although the process control block is primarily a software mechanism

A system in which several processes are executed sequentially to completion, often in conjunction with a cyclic executive.

An input to a processor that signals the occurrence of an asynchronous event. The processor’s
response to an interrupt is to save the current machine state and execute a predefined subprogram.

22 kernel

n the task-control block model, the state of those tasks that are ready to run, but are not running.

The smallest portion of the operating system that provides for task scheduling, dispatching, and inertia communication.

A condition that occurs when a higher-priority task interrupts a lower-priority task.

23 mailbox

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

A condition that occurs when a higher-priority task interrupts a lower-priority task.

An intertask communication device consisting of a memory location and two operations – post and pend – that can be performed on it.

24 main memory

Memory that is directly addressable by the CPU.

Memory in which the contents will be lost if power is removed.

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

25 maintainability

A software quality that is a measure of how easy the system can be evolved to accommodate
new features, or changed to repair errors.

A measure of the software’s capability of meeting certain functional constraints such as timing or
output precision.

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

26 multiplexer

A device used to route multiple lines onto fewer lines.

A measure of the software’s capability of meeting certain functional constraints such as timing or
output precision.

A software quality that is a measure of how easy the system can be evolved to accommodate
new features, or changed to repair errors.

27 multiprocessor

A computer system that has more than one internal processor capable of operating collectively
on a computation.

A condition that occurs because a noncritical task with a high execution rate will have a
higher priority than a critical task with a low execution rate.

Refers to systems whose correctness depends not only on outputs but the timeliness of those outputs. Failure to meet one or more of the deadlines can result in system failure.

28 nonvolatile memory

Memory in which the contents will be lost if power is removed.

Memory whose contents are preserved upon removing power.

A system in which several processes are executed sequentially to completion, often in conjunction with a cyclic executive.

29 operating system

A system in which several processes are executed sequentially to completion, often in conjunction with a cyclic executive.

A software run-time system component that periodically scans dynamically allocated storage
and reclaims allocated storage that is no longer in use.

A set of programs that manages the operations of a computer. It oversees the interaction between the hardware and the software and provides a set of services to system users.

30 pend operation

Operation of removing data from a mailbox. If data are not available, the process performing the pend suspends itself until the data become available.

A software run-time system component that periodically scans dynamically allocated storage and reclaims allocated storage that is no longer in use.

An intertask communication device consisting of a memory location and two operations – post and pend – that can be performed on it.

31 performance

An intertask communication device consisting of a memory location and two operations – post and pend – that can be performed on it.

An object or a set of objects that can no longer be accessed, typically because all pointers that direct accesses to the object or set have been eliminated.

A measure of the software’s capability of meeting certain functional constraints such as timing or
output precision.

32 portability

A condition that occurs because a noncritical task with a high execution rate will have a higher priority than a critical task with a low execution rate.

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

An object or a set of objects that can no longer be accessed, typically because all pointers that direct accesses to the object or set have been eliminated.

33 pragma

A condition that occurs because a noncritical task with a high execution rate will have a
higher priority than a critical task with a low execution rate.

A condition that occurs when a higher-priority task interrupts a lower-priority task.

In certain programming languages, a pseudo-op that allows assembly code to be placed in line with the high-order language code.

34 preempt

A condition that occurs when a higher-priority task interrupts a lower-priority task.

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it powers on.

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

35 priority inversion

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

A condition that occurs because a noncritical task with a high execution rate will have a higher priority than a critical task with a low execution rate.

A system in which several processes are executed sequentially to completion, often in
conjunction with a cyclic executive.

36 process control block

An area of memory containing information about the context of an executing program.
Although the process control block is primarily a software mechanism

A quality in which the software can easily run in different environments.

An operating system that provides sufficient functionality to allow multiple programs to run on a single processor so that the illusion of simultaneity is created.

37 programmed I/O

An input/output scheme where reading or writing involves executing a load or store instruction on a pseudomemory address mapped to the device.

An operating system that provides sufficient functionality to allow multiple programs to run on a single processor so that the illusion of simultaneity is created.

Transferring data to or from a peripheral device by running a program that executes individual computer instruction or commands to control the transfer.

38 ready state

An input/output scheme where reading or writing involves executing a load or store instruction on a pseudomemory address mapped to the device.

In the task-control block model, the state of those tasks that are ready to run, but are not running.

The time between the presentation of a set of inputs to a software system and the appearance of
all the associated outputs.

39 real-time

Refers to systems whose correctness depends not only on outputs but the timeliness of those outputs. Failure to meet one or more of the deadlines can result in system failure.

A system in which several processes are executed sequentially to completion, often in conjunction with a cyclic executive.

The time between the presentation of a set of inputs to a software system and the appearance of
all the associated outputs.

40 response time

In certain programming languages, a pseudo-op that allows assembly code to be placed in line with the high-order language code.

A real-time system in which a single and repetitive test instruction is used to test a flag that
indicates that some event has occurred.

The time between the presentation of a set of inputs to a software system and the appearance of
all the associated outputs.

41 ring buffer

A system in which several processes are executed sequentially to completion, often in conjunction with a cyclic executive.

A real-time system in which a single and repetitive test instruction is used to test a flag that indicates that some event has occurred.

A first-in, first-out list in which simultaneous input and output to the list is achieved by keeping
head and tail pointers. Data are loaded at the tail and read from the head.

42 scheduler

A condition that occurs when a task is not being serviced frequently enough.

A special variable type used for protecting critical regions.

The part of the kernel that determines which task will run.

43 semaphore

A condition that occurs when a task is not being serviced frequently enough.

A special variable type used for protecting critical regions.

Memory in which the contents will be lost if power is removed.

44 sporadic task

A task driven by an interrupt that occurs periodically.

A fixed time quantum used to limit execution time in round-robin systems.

A condition that occurs when a task is not being serviced frequently enough.

45 stack

A fixed time quantum used to limit execution time in round-robin systems.

A first-in, last-out data structure.

A task driven by an interrupt that occurs periodically.

46 starvation

Memory in which the contents will be lost if power is removed.

A task driven by an interrupt that occurs periodically.

A condition that occurs when a task is not being serviced frequently enough.

47 subroutine

A group of instructions written to perform a task, independent of a main program and can be accessed by a program or another subroutine to perform the task.

A task driven by an interrupt that occurs periodically.

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it powers on.

48 timeslice

A program that allows interactive analysis of a running program, by allowing the user to pause
execution of the running program and examine its variables and path of execution at any point.

A fixed time quantum used to limit execution time in round-robin systems.

A series of diagnostic tests performed by a machine (such as the personal computer) when it powers on.

49 watchdog timer

A program that allows interactive analysis of a running program, by allowing the user to pause
execution of the running program and examine its variables and path of execution at any point.

A system where for each possible state, and each set of inputs, a unique set of outputs and next state of the system can be determined.

A device that must be reset periodically or a discrete signal is issued.

50 volatile memory

Memory whose contents are preserved upon removing power.

Memory in which the contents will be lost if power is removed.

A scheme in which access to the computer’s memory is afforded to other devices in the system without the intervention of the CPU.